/* ==========================================================
   NET ZERO LAB — Brand Guidelines CSS
   Colors: Midnight #051C39 | Tech Blue #3360AD | Sky Blue #72B6EB
           White Smoke #F6F5F7 | Cloud #FDFDFD
   Font:   Epilogue (Bold uppercase headlines, Regular body)
   ========================================================== */

/* ===== VARIABLES ===== */
:root {
  --midnight: #051C39;
  --tech-blue: #3360AD;
  --sky-blue: #72B6EB;
  --sky-blue-light: rgba(114, 182, 235, 0.12);
  --white-smoke: #F6F5F7;
  --cloud: #FDFDFD;
  --text: #051C39;
  --text-light: #3D5068;
  --border: #DEE4EC;
  --white: #FFFFFF;
  --font: 'Epilogue', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
  --max-width: 1200px;
  --header-height: 80px;
  --radius: 6px;
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 3px rgba(5, 28, 57, 0.06);
  --shadow-md: 0 4px 16px rgba(5, 28, 57, 0.08);
  --shadow-lg: 0 8px 32px rgba(5, 28, 57, 0.1);
  --transition: 0.2s ease;
}

/* ===== RESET ===== */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; font-size: 16px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; text-size-adjust: 100%; }
body {
  font-family: var(--font);
  color: var(--text);
  background: var(--cloud);
  line-height: 1.7;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
a { color: var(--tech-blue); text-decoration: none; transition: color var(--transition); }
a:hover { color: var(--sky-blue); }
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
ul, ol { list-style: none; }

/* ===== LAYOUT ===== */
.container { max-width: var(--max-width); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 2rem; }
.section { padding: 5rem 0; }
.section--alt { background: var(--white-smoke); }

/* ===== HEADER ===== */
.header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 100;
  background: var(--white);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  height: var(--header-height);
}
.header .container {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  height: 100%;
}
.header__logo {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}
.header__logo img {
  height: 52px;
  width: auto;
}
/* Text fallback when no logo image */
.header__logo-text {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: var(--midnight);
}
.header__logo-text span:first-child { color: var(--sky-blue); }
.header__logo-text span:nth-child(2) { color: var(--sky-blue); }
.header__logo-text span:last-child { color: var(--midnight); }

.nav { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.25rem; }
.nav a {
  padding: 0.5rem 0.875rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--text-light);
  transition: all var(--transition);
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}
.nav a:hover, .nav a.active {
  color: var(--tech-blue);
  background: var(--sky-blue-light);
}
.nav a.nav--external {
  background: #4d65ff;
  color: var(--white);
  font-weight: 600;
}
.nav a.nav--external:hover {
  background: #3a4fcc;
  color: var(--white);
}

/* Mobile nav */
.nav-toggle { display: none; background: none; border: none; cursor: pointer; padding: 0.5rem; }
.nav-toggle span {
  display: block;
  width: 22px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--midnight);
  margin: 5px 0;
  transition: var(--transition);
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .nav-toggle { display: block; }
  .nav {
    position: fixed;
    top: var(--header-height);
    left: 0; right: 0;
    background: var(--white);
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 1rem 2rem 2rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    transform: translateY(-120%);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
  }
  .nav.open { transform: translateY(0); }
  .nav a { width: 100%; padding: 0.75rem 1rem; }
}

/* ===== HERO ===== */
.hero {
  background: url('../images/blue-pattern.jpg') center center / cover no-repeat;
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 8rem 0 6rem;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.hero::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(5, 28, 57, 0.45) 0%, rgba(51, 96, 173, 0.35) 100%);
}
.hero::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 120px;
  background: linear-gradient(to top, rgba(5, 28, 57, 0.3), transparent);
}
.hero .container { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.hero__tagline {
  display: inline-block;
  background: rgba(114, 182, 235, 0.2);
  padding: 0.375rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.hero h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.25rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.15;
  max-width: 700px;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.hero p {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  max-width: 580px;
  opacity: 0.85;
  line-height: 1.7;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}
.hero__buttons { display: flex; gap: 1rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }

/* ===== BUTTONS ===== */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  transition: all var(--transition);
  border: 2px solid transparent;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  font-family: var(--font);
}
.btn--primary {
  background: #4d65ff;
  color: var(--white);
}
.btn--primary:hover {
  background: #3a4fcc;
  color: var(--white);
}
.btn--outline {
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
  color: var(--white);
}
.btn--outline:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  border-color: var(--white);
}
.btn--sky {
  background: #4d65ff;
  color: var(--white);
}
.btn--sky:hover {
  background: #3a4fcc;
  color: var(--white);
}
.btn--tech {
  background: #4d65ff;
  color: var(--white);
}
.btn--tech:hover {
  background: #3a4fcc;
  color: var(--white);
}

/* ===== SECTION HEADERS ===== */
.section__header { margin-bottom: 3rem; }
.section__header h2 {
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--midnight);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.section__header p {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: var(--text-light);
  max-width: 600px;
}

/* ===== PILLARS (Research Areas) ===== */
.pillars { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr)); gap: 1.5rem; }
.pillar {
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 2rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  transition: all var(--transition);
  position: relative;
}
.pillar:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  border-color: var(--sky-blue);
}
.pillar__number {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: var(--tech-blue);
  color: var(--white);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.pillar__icon {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: var(--tech-blue);
  color: var(--white);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.pillar h3 {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--midnight);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.pillar p { color: var(--text-light); font-size: 0.95rem; }

/* ===== PROJECT CARDS ===== */
.projects { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(340px, 1fr)); gap: 1.5rem; }
.project-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  transition: all var(--transition);
}
.project-card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  border-color: var(--sky-blue);
}
.project-card__img {
  height: 200px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.project-card__img img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
  transition: transform 0.4s ease;
}
.project-card:hover .project-card__img img {
  transform: scale(1.05);
}
.project-card__img::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 4px;
  background: var(--sky-blue);
  z-index: 1;
}
.project-card__body { padding: 1.5rem; }
.project-card__tags { display: flex; gap: 0.5rem; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0.75rem; }
.tag {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.625rem;
  border-radius: 3px;
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.tag--carbon { background: rgba(51, 96, 173, 0.1); color: var(--tech-blue); }
.tag--innovation { background: var(--sky-blue-light); color: #2A7AB5; }
.tag--ml { background: rgba(5, 28, 57, 0.08); color: var(--midnight); }
.project-card h3 {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
  color: var(--midnight);
}
.project-card p { color: var(--text-light); font-size: 0.9rem; }
.project-card__link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--tech-blue);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}
.project-card__link:hover { color: var(--sky-blue); }

/* ===== TEAM ===== */
.team-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(200px, 1fr));
  gap: 2rem;
}
.team-card { text-align: center; }
.team-card__photo {
  width: 130px;
  height: 130px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--tech-blue), var(--sky-blue));
  margin: 0 auto 1rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.team-card h3 {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  color: var(--midnight);
}
.team-card__role {
  color: var(--tech-blue);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}
.team-card__edu { color: var(--text-light); font-size: 0.8rem; }
.team-card__links { margin-top: 0.5rem; }
.team-card__links a {
  color: var(--text-light);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.team-card__links a:hover { color: var(--tech-blue); }

/* ===== TEAM SECTIONS ===== */
.team-section { margin-bottom: 3rem; }
.team-section > h3 {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: var(--text-light);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--sky-blue);
}

/* ===== PUBLICATIONS ===== */
.pub-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.5rem; }
.pub-item {
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  transition: all var(--transition);
}
.pub-item:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  border-color: var(--sky-blue);
}
.pub-item__header {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  cursor: pointer;
  -webkit-user-select: none;
  user-select: none;
  position: relative;
  padding-right: 2rem;
}
.pub-item__header::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  top: 0.25rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  background: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='16' height='16' fill='none' stroke='%233D5068' stroke-width='2' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'%3E%3Cpolyline points='4 6 8 10 12 6'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center / contain no-repeat;
  transition: transform 0.25s ease;
}
.pub-item.open .pub-item__header::after {
  transform: rotate(180deg);
}
.pub-item__tags { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.pub-item__year {
  display: inline-block;
  background: var(--sky-blue-light);
  color: var(--tech-blue);
  padding: 0.15rem 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 3px;
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}
.pub-item__journal {
  display: inline-block;
  background: rgba(5, 28, 57, 0.06);
  color: var(--midnight);
  padding: 0.15rem 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 3px;
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-left: 0.375rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.pub-item h3 {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--midnight);
}
.pub-item__authors { color: var(--text-light); font-size: 0.85rem; margin-top: 0.25rem; }
.pub-item__detail {
  max-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: max-height 0.35s ease, padding-top 0.35s ease;
  padding-top: 0;
}
.pub-item.open .pub-item__detail {
  max-height: 600px;
  padding-top: 1rem;
}
.pub-item__abstract {
  color: var(--text-light);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}
.pub-item__doi { font-size: 0.8rem; }
.pub-item__doi a { color: var(--tech-blue); }
.pub-item__doi a:hover { color: var(--sky-blue); }

.pub-filter { display: flex; gap: 0.5rem; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.pub-filter:last-of-type { margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.pub-filter button {
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 3px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--white);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all var(--transition);
  font-family: var(--font);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: var(--text-light);
}
.pub-filter button:hover {
  border-color: var(--tech-blue);
  color: var(--tech-blue);
}
.pub-filter button.active {
  background: var(--tech-blue);
  color: var(--white);
  border-color: var(--tech-blue);
}
/* Secondary filter row (research area) */
.pub-filter--secondary {
  background: var(--white-smoke);
  padding: 0.625rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  gap: 0.375rem;
}
.pub-filter--secondary button {
  padding: 0.375rem 0.75rem;
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  background: transparent;
  border-color: transparent;
  color: var(--text-light);
}
.pub-filter--secondary button:hover {
  background: var(--white);
  border-color: var(--border);
  color: var(--tech-blue);
}
.pub-filter--secondary button.active {
  background: var(--white);
  color: var(--tech-blue);
  border-color: var(--border);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

/* Publication area badges */
.pub-item__area {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.15rem 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 3px;
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-left: 0.375rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.pub-item__area--innovation { background: var(--sky-blue-light); color: #2A7AB5; }
.pub-item__area--corporate { background: rgba(77, 101, 255, 0.1); color: #4d65ff; }
.pub-item__area--carbon { background: rgba(51, 96, 173, 0.1); color: var(--tech-blue); }

/* ===== NEWS ===== */
.news-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.5rem; }
.news-item {
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  transition: all var(--transition);
}
.news-item:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  border-color: var(--sky-blue);
}
/* Homepage news: simple flex row */
.news-item__body {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  align-items: center;
  flex: 1;
}
.news-item__body h3 {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--midnight);
}
/* News page: expandable accordion header */
.news-item__header {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  align-items: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  -webkit-user-select: none;
  user-select: none;
}
.news-item__header::after {
  content: '';
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  margin-left: auto;
  background: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='16' height='16' fill='none' stroke='%233D5068' stroke-width='2' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'%3E%3Cpolyline points='4 6 8 10 12 6'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center / contain no-repeat;
  transition: transform 0.25s ease;
}
.news-item.open .news-item__header::after {
  transform: rotate(180deg);
}
.news-item__date {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  text-align: center;
  min-width: 56px;
  padding: 0.5rem;
  background: var(--white-smoke);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
}
.news-item__date .month {
  font-size: 0.65rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--tech-blue);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}
.news-item__date .day {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--midnight);
  line-height: 1.3;
}
.news-item__date .year { font-size: 0.65rem; color: var(--text-light); font-weight: 500; }
.news-item__title {
  flex: 1;
}
.news-item__title h3 {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 0.125rem;
  color: var(--midnight);
}
.news-item__title p { color: var(--text-light); font-size: 0.85rem; }
.news-item__detail {
  max-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: max-height 0.35s ease, padding-top 0.35s ease;
  padding-top: 0;
}
.news-item.open .news-item__detail {
  max-height: 1200px;
  padding-top: 1rem;
}
.news-item__content {
  color: var(--text-light);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  padding-left: calc(56px + 1rem);
}
.news-item__content p { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.news-item__content p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.news-item__content ul { list-style: disc; padding-left: 1.25rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.news-item__content li { margin-bottom: 0.25rem; }
.news-item__content a { color: var(--tech-blue); }
.news-item__content a:hover { color: var(--sky-blue); }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .news-item__content { padding-left: 0; }
}

/* ===== RESEARCH CARDS (expandable) ===== */
.research-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.5rem; }
.research-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  transition: all var(--transition);
}
.research-card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  border-color: var(--sky-blue);
}
.research-card__header {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  align-items: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  -webkit-user-select: none;
  user-select: none;
}
.research-card__header::after {
  content: '';
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  margin-left: auto;
  background: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='16' height='16' fill='none' stroke='%233D5068' stroke-width='2' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'%3E%3Cpolyline points='4 6 8 10 12 6'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center / contain no-repeat;
  transition: transform 0.25s ease;
}
.research-card.open .research-card__header::after {
  transform: rotate(180deg);
}
.research-card__number {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: var(--tech-blue);
  color: var(--white);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.research-card__header .research-card__tags { flex-shrink: 0; display: flex; gap: 0.375rem; }
.research-card__header h3 {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--midnight);
  flex: 1;
}
.research-card__detail {
  max-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: max-height 0.35s ease, padding-top 0.35s ease;
  padding-top: 0;
}
.research-card.open .research-card__detail {
  max-height: 800px;
  padding-top: 1rem;
}
.research-card__content {
  color: var(--text-light);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
}
.research-card--numbered .research-card__content {
  padding-left: calc(36px + 1rem);
}
.research-card__content p { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.research-card__content p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.research-card__content ul { list-style: disc; padding-left: 1.25rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.research-card__content li { margin-bottom: 0.25rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .research-card__content { padding-left: 0; }
}

/* ===== CTA BANNER ===== */
.cta-banner {
  background: url('../images/forest-canopy.jpg') center center / cover no-repeat;
  color: var(--white);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 3rem;
  text-align: center;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.cta-banner::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(5, 28, 57, 0.35) 0%, rgba(5, 28, 57, 0.2) 100%);
}
.cta-banner h2 {
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  position: relative;
}
.cta-banner p { opacity: 0.9; max-width: 600px; margin: 0 auto 1.5rem; position: relative; }
.cta-banner .btn { position: relative; }

/* ===== FEATURED PAPERS ===== */
.featured-papers {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
}
.featured-paper {
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.featured-paper:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  color: inherit;
}
.featured-paper__img {
  position: relative;
  height: 180px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.featured-paper__img img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center;
  transition: transform 0.5s ease;
}
.featured-paper:hover .featured-paper__img img {
  transform: scale(1.06);
}
.featured-paper__body {
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem 1.5rem;
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.featured-paper__meta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}
.featured-paper__year {
  font-size: 0.65rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--text-light);
  opacity: 0.7;
}
.featured-paper__badge {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.6rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  padding: 0.15rem 0.55rem;
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: rgba(51, 96, 173, 0.1);
  color: var(--tech-blue);
}
.featured-paper__badge--nature {
  background: rgba(5, 28, 57, 0.08);
  color: var(--midnight);
}
.featured-paper__badge--preprint {
  background: rgba(114, 182, 235, 0.15);
  color: #2a7ab5;
}
.featured-paper__area {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.6rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  padding: 0.15rem 0.55rem;
  border-radius: 3px;
}
.featured-paper__area--carbon {
  background: rgba(114, 182, 235, 0.12);
  color: #2a7ab5;
}
.featured-paper__area--innovation {
  background: rgba(51, 96, 173, 0.08);
  color: var(--tech-blue);
}
.featured-paper__area--corporate {
  background: rgba(5, 28, 57, 0.06);
  color: var(--midnight);
}
.featured-paper h3 {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--midnight);
  line-height: 1.4;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.featured-paper__authors {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--text-light);
  line-height: 1.5;
  margin-top: auto;
}
/* Featured paper expandable content (used on research page) */
.featured-paper__expand {
  max-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: max-height 0.4s ease;
}
.featured-paper.open .featured-paper__expand {
  max-height: 400px;
}
.featured-paper__expand-content {
  padding: 0 1.5rem 1.5rem;
  color: var(--text-light);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
}
.featured-paper__expand-content p { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.featured-paper__expand-content p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .featured-papers { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

/* ===== PRACTICE CARDS (Research → Practice) ===== */
.practice-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
}
.practice-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.practice-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  color: inherit;
}
.practice-card__img {
  position: relative;
  height: 200px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.practice-card__img img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center;
  transition: transform 0.5s ease;
}
.practice-card:hover .practice-card__img img {
  transform: scale(1.06);
}
.practice-card__img--cc {
  background: var(--midnight);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}
.practice-card__img-inner {
  text-align: center;
}
.practice-card__logo-text {
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--white);
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}
.practice-card__body {
  padding: 1.5rem 1.5rem 1.75rem;
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.practice-card__tag {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.65rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem;
  border-radius: 3px;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  width: fit-content;
}
.practice-card__tag--carbon {
  background: rgba(114, 182, 235, 0.15);
  color: #2a7ab5;
}
.practice-card__tag--corporate {
  background: rgba(5, 28, 57, 0.08);
  color: var(--midnight);
}
.practice-card__body h3 {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  color: var(--midnight);
  line-height: 1.3;
  margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}
.practice-card__body p {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  color: var(--text-light);
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}
.practice-card__cta {
  margin-top: auto;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--tech-blue);
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .practice-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

/* ===== FOOTER ===== */
.footer {
  background: var(--midnight);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  padding: 3rem 0 1.5rem;
  position: relative;
}
.footer .container { position: relative; }
.footer__grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}
.footer h4 {
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}
.footer p { font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.6; }
.footer a { color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75); }
.footer a:hover { color: var(--sky-blue); }
.footer ul { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.5rem; }
.footer li a { font-size: 0.875rem; }
.footer__mpi {
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
}
.footer__mpi img {
  height: 48px;
  width: auto;
  opacity: 0.85;
}
.footer__bottom {
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(114, 182, 235, 0.2);
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  opacity: 0.7;
}

/* ===== PAGE HEADER (subpages) ===== */
.page-header {
  background: url('../images/blue-pattern.jpg') center center / cover no-repeat;
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 3.5rem 0;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.page-header::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(5, 28, 57, 0.4) 0%, rgba(51, 96, 173, 0.3) 100%);
}
.page-header h1 {
  font-size: 2.25rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  position: relative;
}
.page-header p {
  opacity: 0.8;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  position: relative;
}

/* ===== RESPONSIVE ===== */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .footer__grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .footer__bottom { flex-direction: column; gap: 0.5rem; }
  .hero { padding: 4rem 0 3rem; }
  .section { padding: 3.5rem 0; }
  .projects { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .news-item__header { gap: 0.75rem; }
  .team-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(160px, 1fr)); gap: 1.5rem; }
  .cta-banner { padding: 2rem 1.5rem; }
  .cta-banner h2 { font-size: 1.35rem; word-break: break-word; }
  .media-slider__name { font-size: 0.85rem; }
  .media-slider__topic { font-size: 0.65rem; }
}

/* ===== TEAM BIO CARDS ===== */
.team-bio-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  transition: all var(--transition);
}
.team-bio-card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  border-color: var(--sky-blue);
}
.team-bio-card__header {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.875rem;
  align-items: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  -webkit-user-select: none;
  user-select: none;
}
.team-bio-card__header::after {
  content: '';
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  margin-left: auto;
  background: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='16' height='16' fill='none' stroke='%233D5068' stroke-width='2' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'%3E%3Cpolyline points='4 6 8 10 12 6'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center / contain no-repeat;
  transition: transform 0.25s ease;
}
.team-bio-card.open .team-bio-card__header::after {
  transform: rotate(180deg);
}
.team-bio-card__photo {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 64px;
  height: 64px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--tech-blue), var(--sky-blue));
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.team-bio-card__photo img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}
.team-bio-card__header-text {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 0.625rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.team-bio-card__header-text h3 {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--midnight);
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.team-bio-card__role {
  color: var(--tech-blue);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}
.team-bio-card__detail {
  max-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: max-height 0.35s ease, padding-top 0.35s ease;
  padding-top: 0;
}
.team-bio-card.open .team-bio-card__detail {
  max-height: 600px;
  padding-top: 1rem;
}
.team-bio-card__bio {
  color: var(--text-light);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
}
.team-bio-card__bio p { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.team-bio-card__bio p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.team-bio-card__links {
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
}
.team-bio-card__links a {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--tech-blue);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}
.team-bio-card__links a:hover { color: var(--sky-blue); }

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .team-bio-card__header { gap: 0.75rem; }
  .team-bio-card__header-text { flex-direction: column; gap: 0; }
}

/* ===== MEDIA ITEMS (full page) ===== */
.media-year { margin-bottom: 2.5rem; }
.media-year > h3 {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: var(--text-light);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--sky-blue);
}
.media-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr auto;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  margin-bottom: 0.375rem;
  transition: all var(--transition);
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--text);
}
.media-item:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  border-color: var(--sky-blue);
  color: var(--text);
}
.media-item__outlet {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--tech-blue);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.media-item__title {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--midnight);
}
.media-item__date {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--text-light);
  font-weight: 500;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .media-item { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0.25rem; }
}

/* ===== MEDIA SLIDER (homepage) ===== */
.media-slider-wrap {
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
}
.media-slider-wrap::before,
.media-slider-wrap::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 60px;
  z-index: 2;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.media-slider-wrap::before {
  left: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(to right, var(--cloud), transparent);
}
.media-slider-wrap::after {
  right: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(to left, var(--cloud), transparent);
}
.section--alt .media-slider-wrap::before {
  background: linear-gradient(to right, var(--white-smoke), transparent);
}
.section--alt .media-slider-wrap::after {
  background: linear-gradient(to left, var(--white-smoke), transparent);
}
.media-slider {
  display: flex;
  gap: 2.5rem;
  animation: media-scroll 60s linear infinite;
  width: max-content;
}
.media-slider:hover {
  animation-play-state: paused;
}
.media-slider__item {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--text-light);
  transition: color var(--transition);
}
.media-slider__item:hover {
  color: var(--tech-blue);
}
.media-slider__name {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.media-slider__topic {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  opacity: 0.7;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
@keyframes media-scroll {
  0% { transform: translateX(0); }
  100% { transform: translateX(-50%); }
}

/* ===== NEWSLETTER SIGNUP ===== */
.signup-banner {
  text-align: center;
  max-width: 560px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.signup-banner h2 {
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--midnight);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.signup-banner > p {
  color: var(--text-light);
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}
.signup-form {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  max-width: 480px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.signup-form input[type="email"] {
  flex: 1;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  font-family: var(--font);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--text);
  background: var(--white);
  transition: border-color var(--transition);
}
.signup-form input[type="email"]:focus {
  outline: none;
  border-color: var(--tech-blue);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(51, 96, 173, 0.1);
}
.signup-form input[type="email"]::placeholder {
  color: var(--text-light);
  opacity: 0.6;
}
.signup-note {
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--text-light);
  opacity: 0.7;
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .signup-form { flex-direction: column; }
}

/* ===== UTILITIES ===== */
.text-center { text-align: center; }
.mt-1 { margin-top: 0.5rem; }
.mt-2 { margin-top: 1rem; }
.mt-3 { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.mb-2 { margin-bottom: 1rem; }